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The fovea, which makes up less than 1% of the entire human retina, is known to play a key role in the visual perceptions of which humans are more conscious. Like that of most mammals, the mouse retina does not include the small area known as the fovea, a small slump in the retina that allows humans and other primates to see at high definition. The researchers conducted their experiments on extracted mice retinas. These changes in fluorescence can be recorded with a sensitive camera, and with that, we can infer how the neuron responds to different visual stimuli across the entire retina.' When calcium flows in, the fluorescence changes. 'We can visualize that activity by adding a fluorescent indicator in each neuron. 'Our optical method works as follows: when a retina neuron is active, sending electrical pulses to the brain, ions flow inside the cell, e.g., calcium,' Jösch explained. Right: changes in the visual properties of the retinal cells across elevation. Left: A mouse retina with retinal neurons stained in red. This technique allows them to measure and track the activity of thousands of neurons in a single retina simultaneously. To examine the organization of sensory space that activate each neuron in the mouse retina (receptive fields) in relation to the scenes that mice are observing, Jösch and his colleagues developed a new optical imaging technique. We set out to test this idea by taking advantage of the most prominent visual changes observed systematically in nature: the gradient of light intensity and contrast levels from the ground to the sky to ask if the mouse visual system evolved to consider these constraints.' 'Such adaptations should also occur in the computations performed by the brain, for instance to extract relevant and dismiss less critical information.

'A key feature of every living organism is adapting to its environment to survive,' Maximillian Jösch, one of the researchers who carried out the study, told Medical Xpress. Their findings, published in Nature Neuroscience, could significantly contribute to the present understanding of the visual system and its evolution. Researchers at the Institute of Science and Technology in Austria and LMU in Germany recently gathered evidence supporting this hypothesis and showing that the organization of neurons in the mouse retina is affected by panoramic (i.e., wide view) visual statistics, such as non-uniformities in light levels.

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